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Мутации</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/v3/ru/vuex-actions.html" class="sidebar-link">Vuex - Действия</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/v3/ru/vuex-getters.html" class="sidebar-link">Vuex - Геттеры</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/v3/ru/vuex-in-components.html" class="sidebar-link">Vuex в компонентах - $state и геттеры</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/v3/ru/vuex-in-components-mutations-and-actions.html" class="sidebar-link">Vuex в компонентах - мутации и действия</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/v3/ru/vue-router.html" class="sidebar-link">Vue Router</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/v3/ru/composition-api.html" class="sidebar-link">Composition API</a></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/v3/ru/reducing-boilerplate-in-tests.html" class="active sidebar-link">Уменьшаем шаблонный код</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/v3/ru/reducing-boilerplate-in-tests.html#уменьшаем-шабnонный-код" class="sidebar-link">Уменьшаем шаблонный код</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/v3/ru/reducing-boilerplate-in-tests.html#компонент-новостей" class="sidebar-link">Компонент новостей</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/v3/ru/reducing-boilerplate-in-tests.html#функции-фабрики-vuex-vuerouter" class="sidebar-link">Функции-фабрики Vuex/VueRouter</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/v3/ru/reducing-boilerplate-in-tests.html#тесты-перед-рефакторингом" class="sidebar-link">Тесты (перед рефакторингом)</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/v3/ru/reducing-boilerplate-in-tests.html#самописная-функция-createwrapper" class="sidebar-link">Самописная функция createWrapper</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/v3/ru/reducing-boilerplate-in-tests.html#уnучшаем-функцию-createwrapper" class="sidebar-link">Улучшаем функцию createWrapper</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/v3/ru/reducing-boilerplate-in-tests.html#установка-изначаnьного-состояния-vuex" class="sidebar-link">Установка изначального состояния Vuex</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/v3/ru/reducing-boilerplate-in-tests.html#уnучшения" class="sidebar-link">Улучшения</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/v3/ru/reducing-boilerplate-in-tests.html#закnючение" class="sidebar-link">Заключение</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/vue-testing-handbook/v3/ru/jest-mocking-modules.html" class="sidebar-link">Jest - мокаем модули</a></li></ul> </aside> <main class="page"> <div class="theme-default-content content__default"><div class="custom-block tip"><p class="custom-block-title">Это руководство было написано для Vue.js 3 и Vue Test Utils v2.</p> <p>Версия для Vue.js 2 <a href="/ru">здесь</a>.</p></div> <h2 id="уменьшаем-шабnонный-код"><a href="#уменьшаем-шабnонный-код" class="header-anchor">#</a> Уменьшаем шаблонный код</h2> <blockquote><p>Эта статья доступна в виде скринкаста на <a href="https://vuejs-course.com/screencasts/reducing-duplication-in-tests" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Vue.js Courses<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a>. Посмотреть можно <a href="https://vuejs-course.com/screencasts/reducing-duplication-in-tests" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">здесь<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a>.</p></blockquote> <p>В идеале каждый модульный тест нужно начинать с новой копии компонента. Также, по мере того, как ваши приложения становятся всё сложнее и больше, есть вероятность, что у вас будет несколько компонентов с различными входными параметрами, и, возможно, сторонними библиотеками по типу Vuetify, VueRouter и Vuex. Это может привести к тому, что в ваших тестах будет много шаблонного кода, т.е. кода, который не имеет прямого отношения к тесту.</p> <p>В этой статье рассматривается компонент с использованием Vuex и VueRouter, демонстрируются некоторые подходы, которые помогут уменьшить количество шаблонного кода для ваших модульных тестов.</p> <p>Исходный код для теста на этой странице можно найти <a href="https://github.com/lmiller1990/vue-testing-handbook/tree/master/demo-app-vue-3/tests/unit/Posts.spec.js" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">здесь<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a>.</p> <h2 id="компонент-новостей"><a href="#компонент-новостей" class="header-anchor">#</a> Компонент новостей</h2> <p>Это компонент, который мы будем тестировать. Компонент показывает входной параметр <code>message</code>, если он был передан. Также показывает кнопку &quot;Добавить новость&quot;, если пользователь авторизован, а также выводит список новостей. Оба объекта <code>authenticated</code> и <code>posts</code> приходят из хранилища Vuex. И, наконец, он отрисовывает компонент<code>router-link</code> со ссылкой на новость.</p> <div class="language-vue extra-class"><pre class="language-vue"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>message<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">v-if</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>message<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>{{ message }}<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>

    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">v-if</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>authenticated<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
      <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>router-link</span> 
        <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>new-post<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> 
        <span class="token attr-name">to</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>/posts/new<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span>
      <span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
        Добавить новость
      <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>router-link</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>

    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>h1</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>Новости<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>h1</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span> 
      <span class="token attr-name">v-for</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>post in posts<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> 
      <span class="token attr-name">:key</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>post.id<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> 
      <span class="token attr-name">class</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>post<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span>
    <span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
      <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>router-link</span> <span class="token attr-name">:to</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>postLink(post.id)<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
        {{ post.title }}
      <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>router-link</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
  <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>template</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>

<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript">
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  name<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">'Posts'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  props<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    message<span class="token punctuation">:</span> String<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>

  computed<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token function">authenticated</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>$store<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>authenticated
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>

    <span class="token function">posts</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>$store<span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>posts
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>

  methods<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token function">postLink</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">id</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">/posts/</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>id<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
</code></pre></div><p>Мы хотим протестировать:</p> <ul><li>отрисовывается ли <code>message</code>, если входной параметр был передан?</li> <li>правильно ли отрисовываются <code>posts</code>?</li> <li>кнопка &quot;Добавить новость&quot; показывается, когда <code>authenticated</code> в значении <code>true</code> и скрыта, когда в <code>false</code>?</li></ul> <p>В идеале, тесты должны быть максимально краткими.</p> <h2 id="функции-фабрики-vuex-vuerouter"><a href="#функции-фабрики-vuex-vuerouter" class="header-anchor">#</a> Функции-фабрики Vuex/VueRouter</h2> <p>Серьёзным шагом в тестировании приложений является экспорт функций-фабрик для Vuex и VueRouter. Вы часто встречаете что-то похожее:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token comment">// store.js</span>

<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token function">createStore</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token operator">...</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token comment">// router.js</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token function">createRouter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token operator">...</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Это нормально для обычного приложения, но не идеально для тестирования. Если вы делаете это, то каждый раз, когда вы используете хранилище или роутер в тестах – оно будет доступно среди всех других тестов, которые его импортируют. В идеале, каждый компонент должен получать новую копию хранилища или роутера.</p> <p>Одним из лёгких способов решить эту проблему является экспорт функций-фабрик, т.е. функций, который возвращают новый экземпляр объекта. Например:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token comment">// store.js</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> store <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">createStore</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token operator">...</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">createVuexStore</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">createStore</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token operator">...</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">// router.js</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token function">createRouter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token operator">...</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">createVueRouter</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">createRouter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token operator">...</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Теперь ваше основное приложение может сделать <code>import { store } from './store.js</code>, и ваши тесты смогут получить новую копию хранилища каждый раз, когда будет выполнен <code>import { createVuexStore } from './store.js</code>, а затем создан новый экземпляр <code>const store = createStore()</code>. То же самое делается и для роутера. Это то, что я сделал в примере <code>Posts.vue</code> – исходный код можно найти <a href="https://github.com/lmiller1990/vue-testing-handbook/tree/master/demo-app-vue-3/src/createStore.js" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">здесь<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a> для хранилища и <a href="https://github.com/lmiller1990/vue-testing-handbook/tree/master/demo-app-vue-3/src/createRouter.js" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">здесь<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a> для роутера.</p> <h2 id="тесты-перед-рефакторингом"><a href="#тесты-перед-рефакторингом" class="header-anchor">#</a> Тесты (перед рефакторингом)</h2> <p>Теперь мы знаем, что представляет собой <code>Posts.vue</code>, как выглядит хранилище и роутер. Теперь мы сможем понять, что делается в тестах:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> mount <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'@vue/test-utils'</span>

<span class="token keyword">import</span> Posts <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'@/components/Posts.vue'</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> createVueRouter <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'@/createRouter'</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> createVuexStore <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'@/createStore'</span>

<span class="token function">describe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'Posts.vue'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token function">it</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'отрисовывает сообщение, если оно было передано'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> store <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">createVuexStore</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> router <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">createVueRouter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'Скоро выйдут новые статьи!'</span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> wrapper <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">mount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Posts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      global<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        plugins<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>store<span class="token punctuation">,</span> router<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
      props<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> message <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

    <span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wrapper<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;#message&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">text</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'Скоро выйдут новые статьи!'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

  <span class="token function">it</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'отрисовывает новости'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> store <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">createVuexStore</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> router <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">createVueRouter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">const</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'Скоро выйдут новые статьи!'</span>

    <span class="token keyword">const</span> wrapper <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">mount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Posts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      global<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        plugins<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>store<span class="token punctuation">,</span> router<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
      props<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> message <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

    wrapper<span class="token punctuation">.</span>vm<span class="token punctuation">.</span>$store<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">commit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'ADD_POSTS'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">'Новость'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">await</span> wrapper<span class="token punctuation">.</span>vm<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">$nextTick</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

    <span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wrapper<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findAll</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'.post'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Покрыты не все возможные исходы; Это минимальный набор, которого достаточно для начала. Обратите внимание на дублирование и повторы – давайте избавимся от этого.</p> <h2 id="самописная-функция-createwrapper"><a href="#самописная-функция-createwrapper" class="header-anchor">#</a> Самописная функция <code>createWrapper</code></h2> <p>Первые строчки каждого теста одинаковые:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> store <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">createVuexStore</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>storeState<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> router <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">createVueRouter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">mount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>component<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  global<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    plugins<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>store<span class="token punctuation">,</span> router<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  props<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token operator">...</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Давайте исправим это. Я назову свою функцию <code>createWrapper</code>. Она выглядит так:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">createWrapper</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">const</span> store <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">createStore</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token keyword">const</span> router <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">createRouter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> store<span class="token punctuation">,</span> router <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Теперь мы инкапсулировали всю логику внутри одной функции. Мы возвращаем <code>store</code> и <code>router</code>, так как нам нужно передавать их в функцию <code>mount</code>.</p> <p>Если мы перепишем первый тест с использованием <code>createWrapper</code>, то он будет выглядеть так:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token function">it</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'отрисовывает сообщение, если оно было передано'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> store<span class="token punctuation">,</span> router <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">createWrapper</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token keyword">const</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'Скоро выйдут новые статьи!'</span>
  <span class="token keyword">const</span> wrapper <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">mount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Posts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    global<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      plugins<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>store<span class="token punctuation">,</span> router<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    props<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> message <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

  <span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wrapper<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;#message&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">text</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'Скоро выйдут новые статьи!'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Выглядит лаконичнее. Давайте перепишем второй тест, который использует хранилище Vuex.</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token function">it</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'отрисовывает новости'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> store<span class="token punctuation">,</span> router <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">createWrapper</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token keyword">const</span> wrapper <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">mount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Posts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    global<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      plugins<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>store<span class="token punctuation">,</span> router<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

  wrapper<span class="token punctuation">.</span>vm<span class="token punctuation">.</span>$store<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">commit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'ADD_POSTS'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">'Новость'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token keyword">await</span> wrapper<span class="token punctuation">.</span>vm<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">$nextTick</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

  <span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wrapper<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findAll</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'.post'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><h2 id="уnучшаем-функцию-createwrapper"><a href="#уnучшаем-функцию-createwrapper" class="header-anchor">#</a> Улучшаем функцию <code>createWrapper</code></h2> <p>Приведённый выше код уже определённо лучше того, что было. Сравнивая эти тесты, можно заметить, что около половины кода всё ещё повторяется. Давайте улучшим <code>createWrapper</code>, чтобы решить эту проблему.</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">createWrapper</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">component<span class="token punctuation">,</span> options <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">const</span> store <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">createVuexStore</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token keyword">const</span> router <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">createVueRouter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

  <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">mount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>component<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    global<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      plugins<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>store<span class="token punctuation">,</span> router<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token operator">...</span>options
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Теперь мы можем просто вызывать <code>createWrapper</code> и получать новую копию компонента готового для тестирования. Теперь наши тесты очень лаконичные.</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token function">it</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'отрисовывает сообщение, если оно было передано'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">const</span> message <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'Скоро выйдут новые статьи!'</span>
  <span class="token keyword">const</span> wrapper <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">createWrapper</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Posts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
     props<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> message <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

  <span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wrapper<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;#message&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">text</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'Скоро выйдут новые статьи!'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

<span class="token function">it</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'отрисовывает новости'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">const</span> wrapper <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">createWrapper</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Posts<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

  wrapper<span class="token punctuation">.</span>vm<span class="token punctuation">.</span>$store<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">commit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'ADD_POSTS'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">'Новость'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token keyword">await</span> wrapper<span class="token punctuation">.</span>vm<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">$nextTick</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

  <span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wrapper<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findAll</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'.post'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><h2 id="установка-изначаnьного-состояния-vuex"><a href="#установка-изначаnьного-состояния-vuex" class="header-anchor">#</a> Установка изначального состояния Vuex</h2> <p>Осталось одно улучшение – как заполнить хранилище. В настоящем приложении, ваше хранилище будет сложным. Вызывать множество мутаций и действий только для того, чтобы получить состояние для тестирования – не самое лучшее решение. Мы можем сделать небольшое изменение в нашей функции <code>createVuexStore</code>, которое позволит устанавливать начальное состояние:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">createVuexStore</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">initialState <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">createStore</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token function">state</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      authenticated<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
      posts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
      <span class="token operator">...</span>initialState
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  mutations<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment">// ...</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Теперь мы можем задать желаемое начальное состояние функции <code>createVuexStore</code> через <code>createWrapper</code>:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">createWrapper</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">component<span class="token punctuation">,</span> options <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> storeState <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">const</span> store <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">createVuexStore</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>storeState<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token keyword">const</span> router <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">createVueRouter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

  <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">mount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>component<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    global<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      plugins<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>store<span class="token punctuation">,</span> router<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token operator">...</span>options
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Теперь наш тест теперь можно переписать следующим образом:</p> <div class="language-js extra-class"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token function">it</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'отрисовывает новости'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">const</span> wrapper <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">createWrapper</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Posts<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    posts<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> id<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">'Новость'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

  <span class="token function">expect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>wrapper<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">findAll</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'.post'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toBe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Это большое улучшение! Мы прошли от теста, где примерно половина кода была шаблонной, и фактически не связана с проверками, до двух строк; один для подготовки компонента к тестированию, а другой для проверки.</p> <p>Ещё один бонус этого рефакторинга - гибкая функция <code>createWrapper</code>, которую мы можем использовать для всех наших тестов.</p> <h2 id="уnучшения"><a href="#уnучшения" class="header-anchor">#</a> Улучшения</h2> <p>Есть несколько потенциальных улучшений:</p> <ul><li>обновить функцию <code>createVuexStore</code>, чтобы разрешить установку начального состояния для модулей пространства имён Vuex</li> <li>улучшить <code>createVueRouter</code>, чтобы устанавливать конкретный маршрут</li> <li>разрешить пользователю передавать аргумент <code>shallow</code> или<code>mount</code> в <code>createWrapper</code></li></ul> <h2 id="закnючение"><a href="#закnючение" class="header-anchor">#</a> Заключение</h2> <p>В этом руководстве обсудили:</p> <ul><li>использование функций-фабрик для получения нового экземпляра объекта</li> <li>сокращение шаблонного кода и дублирования путём выноса общего кода</li></ul> <p>Исходный код для теста на этой странице можно найти <a href="https://github.com/lmiller1990/vue-testing-handbook/tree/master/demo-app-vue-3/tests/unit/Posts.spec.js" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">здесь<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a>. Эта статья доступна в виде скринкаста на<a href="https://vuejs-course.com/screencasts/reducing-duplication-in-tests" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Vue.js Courses<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a>.</p></div> <footer class="page-edit"><div class="edit-link"><a href="https://github.com/lmiller1990/vue-testing-handbook/edit/master/v3/ru/reducing-boilerplate-in-tests.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Редактировать эту страницу на GitHub</a> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></div> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">Последнее обновление:</span> <span class="time">15.09.2020, 01:39:28</span></div></footer> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev">
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